Ungasikhetha Kanjani Isikhungo Somachining esiyi-5-Axis sezingxenye ze-Aerospace
PFT, Shenzhen
Abstract
Inhloso: Ukusungula uhlaka lwesinqumo olukwazi ukukhiqizwa kabusha lokukhetha izikhungo zemishini ye-5-axis ezinikezelwe ezingxenyeni ze-aerospace zenani eliphezulu. Indlela: Idizayini yezindlela ezixubile ehlanganisa amalogi okukhiqiza ka-2020–2024 asuka ezitshalweni ezine ze-aerospace ezine-Tier-1 (n = 2 847 000 amahora omshini), izivivinyo zokusika ngokomzimba kumakhuphoni we-Ti-6Al-4V kanye ne-Al-7075, kanye nemodeli yesinqumo semibandela eminingi (MCDM) ehlanganisa ukuzwela kwe-TOPSIS ne-entropy. Imiphumela: Amandla e-spindle ≥ 45 kW, ukunemba kwe-contouring ye-axis engu-5 ngesikhathi esisodwa ≤ ±6 µm, kanye nesinxephezelo sephutha le-volumetric esekelwe kusinxephezelo se-laser-tracker volumetric (LT-VEC) kuvele njengezibikezelo ezintathu ezinamandla zokuhambisana kwengxenye (R² = 0.82). Izikhungo ezinamathebula okutshekisa ohlobo lwemfologo zehlise isikhathi esingakhiqizi sokubeka kabusha ngo-31 % uma kuqhathaniswa nokulungiselelwa kwekhanda elijikayo. Isikolo sokusetshenziswa kwe-MCDM ≥ 0.78 sihlotshaniswa nokwehliswa ngo-22 % kwezinga le-scrap. Isiphetho: Iphrothokholi yokukhetha yezigaba ezintathu—(1) ukulinganisa kobuchwepheshe, (2) izinga le-MCDM, (3) ukuqinisekiswa okwenziwa umshayeli—iletha ukwehla okuphawulekayo kwezibalo ezindlekweni ezingezona zekhwalithi kuyilapho kugcinwa ukuthobelana ne-AS9100 Rev D.
Inhloso: Ukusungula uhlaka lwesinqumo olukwazi ukukhiqizwa kabusha lokukhetha izikhungo zemishini ye-5-axis ezinikezelwe ezingxenyeni ze-aerospace zenani eliphezulu. Indlela: Idizayini yezindlela ezixubile ehlanganisa amalogi okukhiqiza ka-2020–2024 asuka ezitshalweni ezine ze-aerospace ezine-Tier-1 (n = 2 847 000 amahora omshini), izivivinyo zokusika ngokomzimba kumakhuphoni we-Ti-6Al-4V kanye ne-Al-7075, kanye nemodeli yesinqumo semibandela eminingi (MCDM) ehlanganisa ukuzwela kwe-TOPSIS ne-entropy. Imiphumela: Amandla e-spindle ≥ 45 kW, ukunemba kwe-contouring ye-axis engu-5 ngesikhathi esisodwa ≤ ±6 µm, kanye nesinxephezelo sephutha le-volumetric esekelwe kusinxephezelo se-laser-tracker volumetric (LT-VEC) kuvele njengezibikezelo ezintathu ezinamandla zokuhambisana kwengxenye (R² = 0.82). Izikhungo ezinamathebula okutshekisa ohlobo lwemfologo zehlise isikhathi esingakhiqizi sokubeka kabusha ngo-31 % uma kuqhathaniswa nokulungiselelwa kwekhanda elijikayo. Isikolo sokusetshenziswa kwe-MCDM ≥ 0.78 sihlotshaniswa nokwehliswa ngo-22 % kwezinga le-scrap. Isiphetho: Iphrothokholi yokukhetha yezigaba ezintathu—(1) ukulinganisa kobuchwepheshe, (2) izinga le-MCDM, (3) ukuqinisekiswa okwenziwa umshayeli—iletha ukwehla okuphawulekayo kwezibalo ezindlekweni ezingezona zekhwalithi kuyilapho kugcinwa ukuthobelana ne-AS9100 Rev D.
1 Isingeniso
Umkhakha we-aerospace womhlaba ubikezela izinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka elingu-3.4 % ekukhiqizweni kwe-airframe kuze kube ngu-2030, okwandisa isidingo se-net-shape ye-titanium nezingxenye zesakhiwo se-aluminiyamu ngokubekezelelana kwejometri ngaphansi kuka-10 µm. Izikhungo zemishini eziyi-5-axis seziphenduke ubuchwepheshe obuhamba phambili, nokho ukungabibikho kwephrothokholi yokukhetha esezingeni kuholela ekusetshenzisweni kancane kuka-18-34 % kanye ne-avareji engu-9 % yezinsalela kuzo zonke izikhungo ezihloliwe. Lolu cwaningo lubhekana negebe lolwazi ngokwenza ngokusemthethweni inhloso, imibandela eqhutshwa yidatha yezinqumo zokuthengwa kwemishini.
Umkhakha we-aerospace womhlaba ubikezela izinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka elingu-3.4 % ekukhiqizweni kwe-airframe kuze kube ngu-2030, okwandisa isidingo se-net-shape ye-titanium nezingxenye zesakhiwo se-aluminiyamu ngokubekezelelana kwejometri ngaphansi kuka-10 µm. Izikhungo zemishini eziyi-5-axis seziphenduke ubuchwepheshe obuhamba phambili, nokho ukungabibikho kwephrothokholi yokukhetha esezingeni kuholela ekusetshenzisweni kancane kuka-18-34 % kanye ne-avareji engu-9 % yezinsalela kuzo zonke izikhungo ezihloliwe. Lolu cwaningo lubhekana negebe lolwazi ngokwenza ngokusemthethweni inhloso, imibandela eqhutshwa yidatha yezinqumo zokuthengwa kwemishini.
2 Indlela
2.1 Uhlolojikelele lwedizayini
Umklamo wokuchaza okulandelanayo wezigaba ezintathu wamukelwa: (1) ukumbiwa kwedatha okubukelwa emuva, (2) ukuhlolwa komshini okulawulwayo, (3) ukwakhiwa nokuqinisekiswa kwe-MCDM.
Umklamo wokuchaza okulandelanayo wezigaba ezintathu wamukelwa: (1) ukumbiwa kwedatha okubukelwa emuva, (2) ukuhlolwa komshini okulawulwayo, (3) ukwakhiwa nokuqinisekiswa kwe-MCDM.
2.2 Imithombo Yedatha
- Amalogi okukhiqiza: Idatha ye-MES evela ezitshalweni ezine, engaziwa ngaphansi kwezivumelwano ze-ISO/IEC 27001.
- Izilingo zokusika: 120 Ti-6Al-4V kanye nezikhala zeprismatic ezingu-120 Al-7075, 100 mm × 100 mm × 25 mm, zithathwe kubheshi eyodwa encibilikayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhlukahluka kwempahla.
- Uhlu lomshini: Izikhungo ezingu-18 ze-axis ezitholakala kwezohwebo (uhlobo lwemfoloko, i-swivel-head, ne-hybrid kinematics) ezineminyaka yokwakha 2018–2023.
2.3 Ukusethwa Kokulinga
Zonke izivivinyo zisebenzise amathuluzi afanayo e-Sandvik Coromant (Ø20 mm trochoidal end mill, grade GC1740) kanye ne-7 % emulsion flood coolant. Amapharamitha okucubungula: vc = 90 m min⁻¹ (Ti), 350 m min⁻¹ (Al); fz = 0.15 mm izinyo⁻¹; eya = 0.2D. Ubuqotho bobuso balinganiswa nge-interferometry yokukhanya okumhlophe (Taylor Hobson CCI MP-HS).
Zonke izivivinyo zisebenzise amathuluzi afanayo e-Sandvik Coromant (Ø20 mm trochoidal end mill, grade GC1740) kanye ne-7 % emulsion flood coolant. Amapharamitha okucubungula: vc = 90 m min⁻¹ (Ti), 350 m min⁻¹ (Al); fz = 0.15 mm izinyo⁻¹; eya = 0.2D. Ubuqotho bobuso balinganiswa nge-interferometry yokukhanya okumhlophe (Taylor Hobson CCI MP-HS).
2.4 Imodeli ye-MCDM
Izisindo zokunquma zithathwe ku-Shannon entropy esetshenziswe kulogi lokukhiqiza (Ithebula 1). I-TOPSIS ibeka ezinye izindlela ezilinganiselwe, ezigunyazwe yi-Monte-Carlo perturbation (ama-10 000 iterations) ukuhlola ukuzwela kwesisindo.
Izisindo zokunquma zithathwe ku-Shannon entropy esetshenziswe kulogi lokukhiqiza (Ithebula 1). I-TOPSIS ibeka ezinye izindlela ezilinganiselwe, ezigunyazwe yi-Monte-Carlo perturbation (ama-10 000 iterations) ukuhlola ukuzwela kwesisindo.
3 Imiphumela kanye nokuhlaziya
3.1 Izinkomba Zokusebenza Ezibalulekile (KPIs)
Umfanekiso 1 ukhombisa umngcele wePareto wamandla okuphotha uma kuqhathaniswa nokunemba kwekhontoyutha; imishini ngaphakathi kwequadrant ephezulu kwesokunxele ifinyelelwe ≥ 98 % ingxenye yokuhambisana. Ithebula 2 libika ama-coefficients okubuyisela emuva: amandla okuphotha (β = 0.41, p <0.01), ukunemba kwekhontayutha (β = -0.37, p <0.01), kanye nokutholakala kwe-LT-VEC (β = 0.28, p <0.05).
Umfanekiso 1 ukhombisa umngcele wePareto wamandla okuphotha uma kuqhathaniswa nokunemba kwekhontoyutha; imishini ngaphakathi kwequadrant ephezulu kwesokunxele ifinyelelwe ≥ 98 % ingxenye yokuhambisana. Ithebula 2 libika ama-coefficients okubuyisela emuva: amandla okuphotha (β = 0.41, p <0.01), ukunemba kwekhontayutha (β = -0.37, p <0.01), kanye nokutholakala kwe-LT-VEC (β = 0.28, p <0.05).
3.2 Ukuqhathanisa Ukucushwa
Amathebula okutshekisa ohlobo lwemfologo anciphise isilinganiso sesikhathi somshini isici ngasinye ukusuka kumaminithi angu-3.2 ukuya kumaminithi angu-2.2 (95 % CI: 0.8–1.2 min) kuyilapho kugcinwa iphutha lefomu <8 µm (Umfanekiso 2). Imishini ye-Swivel-head ibonise ukukhukhuleka okushisayo okungu-11 µm ngaphezu kokusebenza okuqhubekayo kwamahora angu-4 ngaphandle kokuthi ifakwe isinxephezelo esisebenzayo sokushisa.
Amathebula okutshekisa ohlobo lwemfologo anciphise isilinganiso sesikhathi somshini isici ngasinye ukusuka kumaminithi angu-3.2 ukuya kumaminithi angu-2.2 (95 % CI: 0.8–1.2 min) kuyilapho kugcinwa iphutha lefomu <8 µm (Umfanekiso 2). Imishini ye-Swivel-head ibonise ukukhukhuleka okushisayo okungu-11 µm ngaphezu kokusebenza okuqhubekayo kwamahora angu-4 ngaphandle kokuthi ifakwe isinxephezelo esisebenzayo sokushisa.
3.3 Imiphumela ye-MCDM
Izikhungo ezithola amaphuzu ≥ 0.78 kunkomba yensiza eyinhlanganisela ibonise ukuncipha kwe-scrap ngo-22% (t = 3.91, df = 16, p = 0.001). Ukuhlaziywa kokuzwela kwembula ushintsho olungu-±5 % esisindweni samandla okuphotha ashintshiwe ku-11% kuphela wezinye izindlela, okuqinisekisa ukuqina kwemodeli.
Izikhungo ezithola amaphuzu ≥ 0.78 kunkomba yensiza eyinhlanganisela ibonise ukuncipha kwe-scrap ngo-22% (t = 3.91, df = 16, p = 0.001). Ukuhlaziywa kokuzwela kwembula ushintsho olungu-±5 % esisindweni samandla okuphotha ashintshiwe ku-11% kuphela wezinye izindlela, okuqinisekisa ukuqina kwemodeli.
4 Ingxoxo
Ukubusa kwamandla okuphotha kuqondaniswe netorque ephezulu yama-alloys e-titanium, okuqinisa imodeli ye-Ezugwu esekelwe kumandla (2022, p. 45). Inani elengeziwe le-LT-VEC libonisa ukushintshela komkhakha we-aerospace kuya ekukhiqizeni “okokuqala ngqa” ngaphansi kwe-AS9100 Rev D. Imikhawulo ihlanganisa ukugxila kocwaningo ezingxenyeni ze-prismatic; amajiyometri odonga lwe-turbine-blade emincane angase agcizelele izinkinga zokuthobela ezinamandla ezingathwetshulwa lapha. Empeleni, amaqembu okuthenga kufanele abeke phambili umthetho olandelwayo wezigaba ezintathu: (1) uhlunga amakhandidethi nge-KPI threshold, (2) sebenzisa i-MCDM, (3) uqinisekise ngokugijima kokuhlola okuyizingxenye ezingu-50.
5 Isiphetho
Iphrothokholi eqinisekisiwe ngokwezibalo ehlanganisa ukulinganisa kwe-KPI, i-MCDM enesisindo se-entropy, kanye nokuqinisekisa okwenziwa umshayeli wendiza kuvumela abakhiqizi be-aerospace ukuthi bakhethe izikhungo zomshini ze-5-axis ezehlisa ukulahleka ngo-≥ 20 % ngenkathi zihlangabezana nezimfuneko ze-AS9100 Rev D. Umsebenzi wesikhathi esizayo kufanele unwebe idathasethi ukuze ifake izingxenye ze-CFRP ne-Inconel 718 futhi ihlanganise namamodeli wezindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila.
Iphrothokholi eqinisekisiwe ngokwezibalo ehlanganisa ukulinganisa kwe-KPI, i-MCDM enesisindo se-entropy, kanye nokuqinisekisa okwenziwa umshayeli wendiza kuvumela abakhiqizi be-aerospace ukuthi bakhethe izikhungo zomshini ze-5-axis ezehlisa ukulahleka ngo-≥ 20 % ngenkathi zihlangabezana nezimfuneko ze-AS9100 Rev D. Umsebenzi wesikhathi esizayo kufanele unwebe idathasethi ukuze ifake izingxenye ze-CFRP ne-Inconel 718 futhi ihlanganise namamodeli wezindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-19-2025
